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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The telecommunication is defined as the transmission of the signals over a distance for the purpose of the communications.This process typically involves the sending of electromegnetic waves by the electronic transmitters.

Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the process, such as the television, radio and telephone, are common in many parts of the world. There are also many networks that connect these devices, including computer networks, public telephone networks, radio networks and television networks. Computer communication across the Internet is one of many examples of telecommunication.

Telecommunication system consists of three basic elements:

• a transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signal
• a transmission medium over which the signal is transmitted
• a receiver that receives the signal and converts it back into usable information.

Types of the telecommunication:-

• Analauge or Digital transmission
• Network transmission
• channels
• modulations

Analauge and Digital transmission:-

Signals can either be analogue or digital. In an analogue signal, the signal is varied continuously with respect to the information. In a digital signal, the information is encoded as a set of discrete values (e.g. 1's and 0's). During transmission, the information contained in analogue signals will be degraded by noise.

Networks:-

A collection of transmitters, receivers or transceivers that communicate with each other is known as a network. Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user. An analogue network may consist of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users. For both types of network, repeaters may be necessary to amplify or recreate the signal when it is being transmitted over long distances.

Channels:-

A channel is a division in a transmission medium so that it can be used to send multiple streams of information.

Modulations:-

The shaping of a signal to convey information is known as modulation. Modulation can be used to represent a digital message as an analogue waveform. This is known as keying and several keying techniques exist (these include phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying and amplitude-shift keying). Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying to exchange information between devices.